Ego, esteem needs, confidence, sense of mastery, positive self-regard, self-respect, and self-extension refer to what developmental theory?

The correct answer focuses on Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, which emphasizes the importance of various levels of needs that must be fulfilled for an individual to reach their full potential. In this theory, esteem needs encompass concepts like confidence, a sense of mastery, positive self-regard, self-respect, and self-extension. These are critical for personal development and well-being, signifying that individuals thrive when their self-esteem and self-acceptance are supported.

Maslow posited that after physiological and safety needs are met, individuals pursue love and belonging, and upon satisfying these social needs, they seek esteem and self-actualization. The terms mentioned in the question align directly with the esteem stage of Maslow's hierarchy, where gaining confidence and a sense of personal value becomes paramount. This framework helps counselors understand how to support individuals in gaining self-esteem, which is crucial for their overall mental health and motivation.