Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for students?

The correct response highlights that having one parent with a high school diploma and one with a bachelor's degree does not represent a risk factor for students. Research consistently shows that parental education levels can influence children's academic outcomes, but it is the absence of education or low educational attainment that tends to correlate more strongly with adverse effects.

In contrast, poverty is a well-documented risk factor that can impact a child’s access to resources, educational opportunities, and overall well-being. Similarly, substance abuse in the family environment can lead to instability and a range of psychological issues for children. Bullying is another clear risk factor, as it can lead to mental health issues, decreased academic performance, and overall negative school experiences. Understanding these dynamics helps in identifying factors that may require intervention and support in a school counseling context.